1摇黑碳的概念黑碳是生物质或化石燃料不完全燃烧[17] 或者岩石风化[

1摇黑碳的概念
黑碳是生物质或化石燃料不完全燃烧[17] 或者岩石风化[18] 的产物。生物质不完全燃烧产生的黑碳包括
一系列物质,如轻微炭化的生物质、炭化物质、木炭、烟炱、石墨态黑碳[19鄄21] 。其中烟炱也可能由化石燃料不
完全燃烧产生[17] ;石墨态黑碳也可能由含石墨岩石风化产生[18] 。
尽管这些不同形式的黑碳具有一些共性,如富含碳元素、以芳香结构为主[19] 等,但是黑碳的理化性质往
往表现出很明显的异质性,如粒径在数毫米到数十纳米之间[19] ,比表面积在每克数平方米到数百平方米之
间[22鄄23] ,H/ C、O/ C 和N/ C 比值的变异也很大[24鄄25] 。由于黑碳的异质性,在不同研究领域中其被关注的侧重
点亦不同,有时候被关注的是黑碳的整体,但大多数时候是其中的某一组分或属性,文献中所使用的名称也因
此而各异。如大气科学关注其吸光性[26] ,把它叫做元素碳(元素碳可能包括一些来自类腐殖质、生物气溶胶
或焦油的非黑碳物质[27] );生物地球科学关注其火成因,称之为火成碳[28] ;全球有机碳循环研究关注其抗氧
化性,称它为稳定的碳[29] ,而污染物环境科学关注其吸附性,称它为活跃的碳[30] 。土壤和沉积物中的相关研
究则倾向于使用黑碳一词,但主要是指木炭和烟炱[31] 。工程材料科学中[32] 的炭黑指的是碳含量更多、杂质
更少、理化性质更确定的一种工业产品,不同于烟炱[33] ,但是按照Goldberg 的黑碳定义[17] ,也可归属于黑碳;
另一种常见工业产品活性炭从本质上说是经活化处理的黑碳;近年来备受关注的生物质炭也属于黑碳的一种
类型[8,34] 。

Resultados (inglés) 1:

1 roll of black carbon conceptBlack carbon is incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels [17], or weathering of Rock [18] product. Black carbon from incomplete combustion of biomass, includingA list of substances, such as the slight charring of biomass, carbonized material black carbon graphite, charcoal, soot, State [19-21]. Soot can also be caused by fossil fuels are notFull combustion [17] graphite States that black carbon may also be generated by graphite rock weathering [18].Despite the generality of these different forms of black carbon, carbon-rich, predominantly aromatic structures [19], but the physical and chemical properties of black carbonTo show significant heterogeneity, such as grain size in a few millimeters to dozens of nanometers [19], the surface area in square meters per gram to hundreds of square meters of[22 Juan 23], h/c, n/c and O/C ratio variations are also very large [24-25]. Due to the heterogeneity of black carbon in different research areas focus their attentionDifferent points, sometimes concerned that black carbon as a whole, but most of the time is a component or property names used in the literatureThis varies. As concerns the light absorption of atmospheric sciences [26], call it the elemental carbon (elemental carbon may include some type of humus, biological aerosolsBlack carbon or tar [27]); Earth Science focus its fire origin, called igneous carbon [28] global organic carbon cycle research has focused on the antioxidantAnd call it the stable carbon [29], and environmental science focus on the absorption of pollutants, known as active carbon [30]. In soil and sediment-related researchTend to use the word black carbon, but mainly refers to the charcoal and soot [31]. Engineering materials science [32] more refers to the carbon content of carbon black, trashLess, determination of physical and chemical properties of an industrial product, unlike soot [33], but according to Goldberg's definition of black carbon [17], can also be attributed to the black carbon;Another common industrial products is essentially the activation of activated carbon black carbon; biomass carbon is also of concern in recent years is a kind of black carbonType [8,34].

Resultados (inglés) 2:

1 roll of black carbon concept of
black carbon is biomass or incomplete combustion of fossil fuels [17] or the weathering of rocks [18] of the product. Biomass produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon black include
a variety of substances, such as slight charring biomass, carbonized material, charcoal, soot, carbon black and graphite state [19 Juan 21]. Wherein the soot from fossil fuels may not
complete combustion [17]; graphitic carbon black may also be produced by the weathering of rocks containing graphite [18].
Although these different forms of carbon black have some similarities, such as the carbon-rich element to the aromatic structure of the main [19] and so on, but the physical and chemical properties of carbon black to
to exhibit obvious heterogeneity, such as a few millimeters in diameter between tens of nanometers [19], a specific surface area in square meters per gram to a few hundreds of square meters of
between [22 Juan 23], H / C, O / C and N / C ratio is also great variability [24 Juan 25]. Due to the heterogeneity of the carbon black in different research areas in which attention is focused on the
point is also different, sometimes concerned that the overall carbon black, but most of the time in which certain components or attributes, literature the name used is also due to
this rather different. Such as atmospheric science to focus on its light-absorbing [26], it is called elemental carbon (elemental carbon may include some from humic, biological aerosol
black carbon material or tar [27]); biogeosciences attention to the causes of fire, saying of carbon into the fire [28]; global organic carbon cycle focus on its oxidation
resistance, called stable carbon [29], and pollutant environmental science focus on its absorption, called active carbon [30] . Soil and sediment related research
studies tend to use the term carbon black, but mainly refers to charcoal and soot [31]. Engineering Materials Science [32] carbon black refers to the carbon content of more impurities
less, more certain physical and chemical properties of an industrial product, different from the soot [33], but according to Goldberg carbon black is defined [17] It can also be attributed to black carbon;
another common industrial products, charcoal essence is activated carbon black processing; in recent years, concern also belongs to a biomass charcoal black carbon
type [8,34].

Resultados (inglés) 3:

1 black carbon black conceptBlack carbon is a product of the incomplete combustion of [17] or rock weathering [18] in biomass or fossil fuels. Carbon black produced by incomplete combustion of biomass includesA series of material, such as minor carbonization of biomass, carbonized material, charcoal, soot and graphitic black carbon [19 - 21]. The soot may not from fossil fuelsThe complete combustion produces [17]; the graphite black carbon may also be produced by weathering of graphite bearing rocks [18].Although these different forms of black carbon have some common characteristics, such as rich in carbon, the aromatic structure of [19] and so on, but the physical and chemical properties of black carbonTo show a very clear heterogeneity, such as the size of the particle in a few millimeters to tens of nanometers between [19], the surface area in each gram of several square meters to hundreds of square meters of[22 - 23], H/ C, O/ C mutation and N/ C ratio is also a great [24 - 25]. Due to the heterogeneity of black carbon, it is focused on in different research fields.The point is different, and sometimes it is concerned with the whole of the black carbon, but most of the time is one of the components or attributes, the name used in the literature also becauseThis is different. If the atmospheric science pays attention to its absorption of light [26], it is called elemental carbon (elemental carbon may include a number of humus derived from the class, biological aerosolsNon black carbon material or tar [27]); biological earth science concerned about the causes of fire, known as igneous carbon [28]; global carbon cycle research focus on its anti oxygenChemical nature, it is called the stable carbon [29], and the pollutant environmental science pays attention to its adsorption, saying that it is active carbon [30]. Correlation studies in soil and sedimentThere is a tendency to use carbon black, but mainly refers to the charcoal and soot [31]. The carbon black of [32] in engineering materials science refers to more carbon content and impurities.Less, physical and chemical properties confirm a kind of industrial products, unlike soot [33], but according to Goldberg"s black carbon definition [17], belong to the black carbon;Another common industrial product activated carbon from the essence is activated to deal with black carbon; in recent years has been concerned about the biomass carbon is also a kind of black carbonType [8,34].