Fertilizer is any substance that ca

Fertilizer is any substance that can be added to the soil to provide chemical elements essential for plant nutrition so that the yield can be increased. Natural substances such as animal droppings, ashes from wood fires, and straw have been used as fertilizers in fields for thousands of years, and lime has been used since Romans introduced it during the Empire. It was not until the nineteenth century, however, that chemical fertilizer became widely accepted as normal agricultural practice. Today, both natural and synthetic fertilizers are available in a variety of forms.

A complete fertilizer is usually6 marked with a formula consisting of three numbers, such as 4-8-2 or 6-6-4, which designate the percentage of content of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in the order stated. Synthetic fertilizers, produced by factories, are available in either solid or liquid form. Solids, in the shape of chemical granules, are in demand because they are not only easy to store but also easy to apply. Recently, liquids have shown as increase in popularity, accounting for 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer used throughout the world. Formerly, powders were also used, but they were found to be less convenient than either solids or liquids.

Fertilizers have no harmful effects on the soil, the crop, or the customer as long as they are used according to recommendations based on the result of local research. Occasionally, however, farmers may use more fertilizer than necessary, in which case the plants do not need, and therefore do not absorb, the total amount of fertilizer applied to the soil. The surplus of fertilizer thus can damage not only the crop but also the animals or human beings that eat the crop. Furthermore, fertilizer that is not used in the production of a healthy plant is leached into the water table. Accumulations of chemical fertilizer in the water supply accelerate the growth of algae and, consequently, may disturb the natural cycle of life, contributing to the death of fish. Too much fertilizer on grass can cause digestive disorders in cattle and in infants who drink cow’s milk

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肥料是可以添加到土壤中的任何物质，提供植物营养必需的化学元素，使产量可以增加。天然物质如动物粪便，火木灰和秸秆有几千年肥料和石灰场，自从罗马人介绍它在恩派尔的应用。然而，直到第十九世纪，化学肥料被广泛接受作为正常的农业实践。今天，天然和合成肥料都可在各种形式。一个完整的肥料usually6标有一个由三个数的公式，如4-8-2或6-6-4，它指定的百分比含量的氮，磷酸，并在订单规定的钾肥。由工厂生产的合成肥料，可在固体或液体形式。固体，在化学颗粒的形状，是在需求，因为他们不仅易于储存，而且易于应用。最近，液体已显示出受欢迎的增加，占世界上使用的百分之20的氮肥料。以前，粉末也被使用，但他们被发现是不方便比无论是固体或液体。肥料对土壤，作物，或客户没有有害影响，只要他们根据当地研究的结果使用的建议。然而，有时农民可能会使用更多的肥料，在这种情况下，植物不需要，因此不吸收，施加到土壤中的肥料总量。肥料的过剩不仅会破坏庄稼，也会破坏那些吃庄稼的动物或人类。此外，在一个健康的植物的生产中不使用的肥料被浸出到地下水位。化学肥料在供水中的积累促进了藻类的生长，从而可能扰乱了生命的自然循环，促进了鱼的死亡。在草地上过多的肥料会引起牛的消化系统疾病和喝牛奶的婴儿