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4 Results and discussion
There were 169 inks from 18 brands purchased from 10 websites (listed in Appendix 1). Intenze and Kuro Sumi brands of inks were each purchased from two websites, www.unimaxwest.com and www.yuelongtattoo.com, and www.tattoosupply.co.nz and www.yuelongtattoo.com respectively.
The results of analysis were compared with the maximum permitted concentrations in the Guidelines (see Table 2). Detailed results are shown in Appendix 3.
According to the Guidelines, nickel levels in tattoo inks must be ‘as low as technically achievable’ because nickel has a high allergenic potential. However, this level cannot be assessed at this stage due to lack of knowldege of what is the lowest nickel concentration that can be introduced following good manufacturing practice. Therefore no comment can be made on whether this requirement has been achieved. Due to lack of this vital information, the analytical results were only presented without making any comment about compliance with the Guidelines.
Although the requirement in the Guidelines is for soluble copper, all of the 169 samples were analysed for the presence of total copper. Of the 169 samples, 64 samples exceeded the guideline for soluble copper (25 mg/kg). As a result, only these 64 samples were tested for soluble copper, of which 21 exceeded the Guidelines. The highest soluble copper level recorded was 32,900 mg/kg.
Table 2: Comparison of results with maximum permitted concentrations in the Guidelines
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